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Catfish Dispute
The Catfish Dispute started in 2001, as a trade war between Vietnam and the United States' catfish producers. The main argument concerns the import volume of catfish from Vietnam which results in lower profits for U.S. catfish producers. In dealing with major losses in profit, the Catfish Farmers of America (CFA), presented a series of lawsuits to the U.S. Department of Commerce against frozen catfish from Vietnam.
First, the CFA filed for a food labeling claims which forced Vietnamese imported catfish to be labeled "Made in Vietnam". Next, the CFA accused the Vietnamese producers of dumping their products into the U.S. market. Most recently, a catfish quality investigation in program was implemented to verify the quality of catfish by Vietnamese producers. These claims from the CFA propose a trade barrier of catfish between Vietnam and the United States. The unresolved catfish disputes affect not only the producers but the consumers in both countries.
==Entry to U.S. market==
After years of conflicts, the relationship between the U.S. and Vietnam was eventually brightened up when the embargo by the U.S. to Vietnam was lifted in 1995.〔(Mending Ties: The United States and Vietnam )〕 Following this event, in December 2001, Vietnam and the U.S. signed a bilateral trade agreement (BTA) that resumed and formalized all trading status.〔(The U.S.-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) - Resources for Understanding )〕 Since the BTA became effective, Vietnam increasingly exports up to nearly $30.5 billion worth of their products including shoes, textiles, agricultural goods and other commodities to the U.S.〔(Trade in Goods with Vietnam )〕 In return, the U.S. exports approximately $5.5 billion in goods to Vietnam.〔 Catfish was among the major exports of Vietnam to the U.S〔(New Catfish Inspections Are Posing a Problem for a Pacific Trade Pact )〕 In 2014, catfish producers in Vietnam bred over 1.1 million tonnes and exported around 500 tonnes of catfish every month to the U.S.〔(Sản lượng cá tra nuôi năm 2014 đạt trên 1,1 triệu tấn )〕 These figures represents 2 percent of fish consumed by American consumers.〔(Vietnam resumes basa catfish exports to US market )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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